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Safes are among the most common items seen in photographs of late 19th century and early 20th century offices. This exhibit deals primarily with 19th century safes and covers early 20thcentury safes briefly near the end.
Early and Mid-19th Century Safes

Until1820, safes, or'iron chests' as they were often called, were designed to protect against burglars, but they did not offer substantial protectionagainst fire. Safes designed to protect their contents against fire wereintroduced beginning around 1820, but safes that successfully protected theircontents against major building fires were not marketed until the early1840s. After that, safes were routinely used in offices to protect againstboth fire and burglars. Ads do not say anything about protection against tornadoes. Typically, interior wooden partitions in office safes were designed to hold ledgersand other papers. In the 19th century, at around $150 to $225 for typicalsizes, safes were the most expensive itemof office equipment.
Left:Single door safecontaining ledgers, M Briggs & Son, Rochester, NY, 1882 ad
Center Left: Large double door safe, American Steam Safe Co., New York, NY
Center Right: Burglar Proof Safe, American Steam SafeCo., New York, NY
Right: Hall's Fire and Burglar Proof Safe, Hall Safe & LockCo., Cincinnati, OH

The safe on the right - also pictured elsewhere on the site - is a John Tann List No.3 number 7555 (1880). It embodies the main features of the 1865 Patent No.695. Although the pull handle is missing, the boltwork was operated by a removable 'T' handle through the hole at the bottom of the name plate. Information about Hitachi Automation Director 8.5.0-02. It includes information that was not available at the time the technical documentation for this product. CyberLink PhotoDirector 8 Ultra Serial Key. Smart Hide IP 2.8.5.8 Crack Serial Number Patch Review for Android full. free download Title: Smart Hide IP 2.8.1.6. To register, you will need your serial number. Make sure the serial number in your owner's manual is the same as the serial number on your safe (inside door frame or on top of safe). Milners 212 Safe Milners 212 Safe side I have a Milner 212 safe, with key, has the serial numbers B2599 B412. Any ideas as to what it may be worth. For example, with a gun serial number of 331-12345, just enter 331. The search 'gun serial number 331' brings up results for the Ruger SR9, which is the gun's correct make and model. For serial numbers with multiple hyphens, you might need to include additional numbers between the first and second hyphen to get the most accurate results. With serial numbers running into the millions its not practical to list here every item. We are happy though to consider including items that are still in existence, therefore do tell us about yours. In any event we are happy to look up our records and provide more information such as.

Turning to the early history of safes, 'The first types of English safes were strong wooden boxes, bound with ironhoops. A specimen of the old wooden chest is preserved in the Cathedral ofChichester. It is 9 feet long, 2 feet wide, and 2 feet high, with athickness of about 2 inches, and is thought to be about 1,000 years old.Wrought-iron chests were used in the store-rooms of country mansions about thebeginning of the present [nineteenth] century. At the end of the last centurythe Carron Company in Scotland, and the Coalbrookdale in England, had introducedcast-iron chests and book safes with single and double doors. These boxeswere cast in one piece, about half an inch in thickness, with doors formed inone casting of the same average thickness. This style of safe remained ingeneral use until it was abandoned on account of affording no security in caseof fire. For other forms of security, such as alarm systems and security camera systems, browse the web for more information. About 1827, Thomas Milner commenced to make safes with outercases of strong tin-plate and sheet iron, with an inner lining of the same,forming a chamber all around for the reception of a non-conducting substancecomposed of hard wood and sawdust mixed with alum. In case of a fire thealum melted, and by damping the sawdust prevented the conduction of heat to theinterior of the safe. This may be considered our first fire-proof safe. The safes were understood to be fire-proof only, but not burglar-proof.' (Manufacturer and Builder, May1878, p. 107)

By 1825, Jesse Delano was manufacturing iron chests in NewYork City. In 1826, he patented an improvement in fire proof safes 'whichconsisted in coating the wooden foundation with a composition of equal parts,clay and lime, plumbago and mica, or saturating the wood in a solution of potashlye and alum, to render it incombustible. These were generally used inthis country [the U.S.].' (One Hundred Years'Progress of the United States, 1870, pp. 396-97) 'The first safesmanufactured in this country were lined with wood; the old-fashioned'knob-chests,' as they were called, were simply wooden boxes covered first withthin sheet-iron, then banded and strapped, and the whole nailed fast with largenails, having prominent knobs or cast-iron heads. The original method ofpreparing wood as a lining for safes was to saturate or soak it with salt water,and as wood is absorbent, it retained this saturation for some time.' (FightingFire for Twenty-Six Years, Comprising a History of Herring's Patent ChampionSafes, 1867, p. 9) Delano's patent,which bears the number x-8356, was reissued in 1834. A copy of the patentdiagram is provided to the right. Delano and his sons manufactured safesin New York City until 1859.
Iron Chests made by Jesse Delano 1826-1830s
Three images on left of double door safe courtesy of Frank Vecchi
Next two images to the right show two different single door safes.
Last photo to right shows the knob on the safe to the immediate left of thisphoto.
Iron Chest made by Magaud de Charf, Marseille, France

'After Mr. Delano, C. J. Gayler began the safe manufacture, and in 1833 hepatented his 'double' fire-proof chest. This consisted of two chests, oneso formed within the other as to have one or more spaces between them, toinclose air or any known non-conductors of heat. In the same year, one ofthese double chests was severely tested in a large building that was entirelydestroyed by fire. The chest preserved its contents in good order. This excited the public admiration, and one enthusiastic writer described it asa 'Salamander,' which name has ever since been popularly applied to safes. [According to mythology, salamanders could survive and extinguish fires.]The majorityof the so-called 'safes' in use at the time of the great fire in New York in1835 were simply iron closets, and were of little protection against thedevouring element. There were then about sixty of Gayler's double chestsin use, and a few of these preserved their contents. Soon after, JohnScott obtained a patent for the use of asbestos for fire-proof chests.' (One Hundred Years'Progress, pp. 396-97)
Gayler's Patent Double Fire Proof Wrought Iron Chests& Safes, NYC, 1833.